The Arcbotix Blog

Robotics Engineering,
Explained Properly

Practical guides, control systems deep-dives and niche technical write-ups for people who actually build robots.

Isometric technical illustration of a robotic arm joint with an exposed quadrature encoder disc and wiring harness
Build Guides

Quadrature Encoder Wiring for a 6-DOF Robot Arm: A Practical Guide

A practical walkthrough of wiring quadrature encoders on a 6-DOF robot arm: channel A/B connections, counts-per-revolution to joint-angle math after a gear reduction, debouncing, and index-pulse homing.

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Isometric illustration of an IMU chip on a PCB with glowing axis arrows representing sensor fusion
Control Systems

IMU Sensor Fusion Basics: Combining Accelerometer and Gyroscope Data

A practical introduction to IMU sensor fusion basics: why accelerometers and gyroscopes fail on their own, and how complementary and Kalman filters combine them into a stable orientation estimate.

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Minimalist isometric illustration of a LiPo battery pack mounted inside a quadruped robot torso
Build Guides

Choosing a Battery for a Quadruped Robot: A Practical Sizing Guide

A practical guide to sizing a quadruped robot's battery: matching voltage to your motor drivers, capacity to your runtime target, and discharge rate to peak leg torque demands.

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Isometric illustration of a robotic arm joint following a glowing curved motion trajectory
Control Systems

Trajectory Planning for Robotic Arms: From Waypoints to Smooth Motion

A practical guide to trajectory planning for robotic arms: joint-space vs Cartesian planning, trapezoidal and S-curve velocity profiles, and common pitfalls that cause jerky or unsafe motion.

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Isometric technical illustration of a harmonic drive gearbox cutaway with blue accent lighting
Hardware

Harmonic Drive vs Planetary Gearbox: Choosing the Right Reduction for a Robot Joint

A practical comparison of harmonic drives and planetary gearboxes for robot joints, covering backlash, stiffness, torque density, efficiency and cost so you can pick the right one.

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Isometric illustration of a mobile robot building a glowing point-cloud map of a room
Software

SLAM Basics for Mobile Robots: How Robots Map and Localize at the Same Time

A practical introduction to SLAM basics for mobile robots: the chicken-and-egg problem, the main algorithm families (EKF-SLAM, particle filters, graph-based SLAM), and why loop closure matters.

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Isometric technical illustration of glowing nodes connected by data-flow lines representing a ROS2 communication graph
Software

ROS2 Nodes and Topics Explained: How Robot Software Talks to Itself

A practical walkthrough of ROS2 nodes, topics, publishers, and subscribers, with working Python examples and the DDS concepts that make it all work.

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Isometric technical illustration comparing a servo motor, a stepper motor, and a BLDC motor on a dark background
Hardware

Servo vs Stepper vs BLDC Motor for Robotics: Choosing the Right Actuator

A practical comparison of servo, stepper, and BLDC motors for robotics, covering torque density, positional accuracy, cost, and how much control complexity each option demands.

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Isometric illustration of a robot's predicted motion path intersecting noisy sensor measurement points converging into a fused estimate, dark background with blue and cyan lighting
Control Systems

Kalman Filter for Robot State Estimation: A Practical Introduction

A practical walkthrough of the Kalman filter for robot state estimation: the predict-update cycle, the core equations, and a worked 1D example you can extend to a real robot.

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Isometric technical illustration of a robotic arm with joint angles highlighted, reaching toward a target point, dark blue and cyan lighting
Control Systems

Inverse Kinematics Explained: How Robotic Arms Solve for Joint Angles

A practical walkthrough of inverse kinematics: what it solves, why it's harder than forward kinematics, and how analytical, Jacobian, and CCD methods work in practice.

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Isometric illustration of a robotic arm joint with a glowing control loop diagram, dark background with blue and cyan lighting
Control Systems

PID Controller Tuning for Robotic Arms: A Practical Guide

A hands-on walkthrough of PID controller tuning for robotic arms: what each term does, how to tune by hand or with Ziegler-Nichols, and how to fix common failure modes.

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